Information about 12th Standard School Subject content with Free PDF Biology for Preparation of NEET Examination, IIT-JEE Examinations and other entrance examinations in India. Study materials contain NCERT, CBSE, ICSE.
TAXONOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS – Types of Classification (Artificial, Natural and Phylogenetic), Biosystematics, Binomial nomenclature, International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) and Herbaria and their uses (12TH STANDARD BOTANY) Taxonomy is concerned with the laws governing the classification of plants. The term taxonomy includes two Greek words taxis – arrangement and nomos– laws. Plant taxonomy is …
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Environmental Issues – Air Pollution and its Control, Water Pollution and Its Control, Solid Wastes, Agro-chemicals and their Effects, Radioactive Wastes, Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming, Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere, Degradation by Improper Resource Utilization and Maintenance and Deforestation Human population size has grown enormously over the last hundred years. This means …
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION Biodiversity and Conservation (NCERT 12TH BIOLOGY) If an alien from a distant galaxy were to visit our planet Earth, the first thing that would amaze and baffle him would most probably be the enormous diversity of life that he would encounter. Even for humans, the rich variety of living organisms with which …
ECOSYSTEM Ecosystem – Ecosystem-Structure and Function, Productivity, Decomposition, Energy Flow, Ecological Pyramids, Ecological Succession, Nutrient Cycling and Ecosystem Services (NCERT 12TH BIOLOGY) An ecosystem can be visualised as a functional unit of nature, where living organisms interact among themselves and also with the surrounding physical environment. Ecosystem varies greatly in size from a small pond …
ECOLOGY – ORGANISMS AND POPULATIONS Ecology – Organisms and Populations (Organism and its Environment and Populations) (NCERT 12TH BIOLOGY) Diversity is not only a characteristic of living organisms but also of content in biology textbooks. Biology is presented either as botany, zoology and microbiology or as classical and modern. The latter is a euphemism for …
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS Biotechnology and its Applications – Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture, Biotechnological Applications in Medicine, Transgenic Animals and Ethical Issues (NCERT 12TH BIOLOGY) Biotechnology is essentially deals with industrial scale production of biopharmaceuticals and biologicals using genetically modified microbes, fungi, plants and animals. The applications of biotechnology include therapeutics, diagnostics, genetically modified crops …
BIOTECHNOLOGY – Principles and Processes Biotechnology – Principles and Processes (Principles of Biotechnology, Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology and Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology (NCERT 12TH BIOLOGY) Ever since the days of Rene Descartes, the French philosopher, mathematician and biologist of seventeenth century, all human knowledge especially natural sciences were directed to develop technologies which …
MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE Microbes in Human Welfare – Microbes in Household Products, Microbes in Industrial Products, Microbes in Sewage Treatment, Microbes in Production of Biogas, Microbe as Biocontrol Agents and Microbes as Biofertilisers (NCERT 12TH BIOLOGY) Besides macroscopic plants and animals, microbes are the major components of biological systems on this earth. Do you …
STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCEMENT IN FOOD PRODUCTION Enhancement in Food Production – Animal Husbandry, Plant Breeding, Single Cell Proteins and Tissue Culture (NCERT 12TH BIOLOGY) With ever -increasing population of the world, enhancement of food production is a major necessity. Biological principles as applied to animal husbandry and plant breeding have a major role in our …
BIOLOGY IN HUMAN WELFARE Biology in Human Welfare – Common Diseases in Humans, Immunity, AIDS, Cancer and Drug and Alcohol Abuse (NCERT 12TH BIOLOGY) Health, for a long time, was considered as a state of body and mind where there was a balance of certain ‘humors’. This is what early Greeks like Hippocrates as well …