Information about NCERT 12th Standard School Subject content with Free PDF (Physics, Chemistry and Biology) for Preparation of NEET Examination, IIT-JEE Examinations and other entrance examinations in India. Study materials contain NCERT, CBSE, ICSE.
TAXONOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS – Types of Classification (Artificial, Natural and Phylogenetic), Biosystematics, Binomial nomenclature, International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) and Herbaria and their uses (12TH STANDARD BOTANY) Taxonomy is concerned with the laws governing the classification of plants. The term taxonomy includes two Greek words taxis – arrangement and nomos– laws. Plant taxonomy is …
SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS: MATERIALS, DEVICES AND SIMPLE CIRCUITS, Introduction, CLASSIFICATION OF METALS, CONDUCTORS AND SEMICONDUCTORS, BAND THEORY OF SOLIDS, INTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTOR, EXTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTOR, SEMICONDUCTOR DIODE and DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND LOGIC GATES (NCERT 12TH PHYSICS) INTRODUCTION Devices in which a controlled flow of electrons can be obtained are the basic building blocks of all the electronic circuits. …
NUCLEI – INTRODUCTION, ATOMIC MASSES AND COMPOSITION OF NUCLEUS, Discovery of Neutron, SIZE OF THE NUCLEUS, MASS-ENERGY AND NUCLEAR BINDING ENERGY, Nuclear binding energy and NUCLEAR ENERGY (NCERT 12TH PHYSICS) NUCLEI Every atom is the positive charge and mass are densely concentrated at the centre of the atom forming its nucleus. The overall dimensions of …
ATOMS – Ernst Rutherford, Electron Orbits, Atomic Spectra, Spectral series, BOHR MODEL OF THE HYDROGEN ATOM, Niels Henrik David Bohr, ORBIT VS STATE (ORBITAL PICTURE) OF ELECTRON IN ATOM, FRANCK – HERTZ EXPERIMENT and Laser Light (NCERT 12TH PHYSICS) By the nineteenth century, enough evidence had accumulated in favour of atomic hypothesis of matter. In …
PARTICLE NATURE OF LIGHT: THE PHOTON, WAVE NATURE OF MATTER, PHOTOCELL, Louis Victor de Broglie, PROBABILITY INTERPRETATION TO MATTER WAVES (NCERT 12TH PHYSICS) PARTICLE NATURE OF LIGHT: THE PHOTON Photoelectric effect thus gave evidence to the strange fact that light in interaction with matter behaved as if it was made of quanta or packets of …
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT – EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT, Effect of intensity of light on photocurrent, Effect of potential on photoelectric current, PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT AND WAVE THEORY OF LIGHT, EINSTEIN’S PHOTOELECTRIC EQUATION: ENERGY QUANTUM OF RADIATION, ALBERT EINSTEIN (NCERT 12TH PHYSICS) EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT It consists of an evacuated glass/quartz tube having a thin …
DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER – Introduction, Electron Emission, Photoelectric Effect, Hertz’s observations, Hallwachs’ and Lenard’s observations (NCERT 12TH PHYSICS) INTRODUCTION The Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetism and Hertz experiments on the generation and detection of electromagnetic waves in 1887 strongly established the wave nature of light. Towards the same period at the end of …
WAVE OPTICS – Christiaan Huygens, HUYGENS PRINCIPLE, The doppler effect, INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT WAVES AND YOUNG’S EXPERIMENT, DIFFRACTION, Resolving power of optical instruments, DETERMINE THE RESOLVING POWER OF YOUR EYE and POLARISATION (NCERT 12TH PHYSICS) In 1637 Descartes gave the corpuscular model of light and derived Snell’s law. It explained the laws of reflection and …
REFRACTION AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS – Refraction, Total Internal Reflection, SOME NATURAL PHENOMENA DUE TO SUNLIGHT, The rainbow, Scattering of light, OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS (microscope and Telescope) (NCERT 12TH PHYSICS) REFRACTION When a beam of light encounters another transparent medium, a part of light gets reflected back into the first medium while the rest enters the other. …
RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS – Introduction, PARTICLE MODEL OF LIGHT, REFLECTION OF LIGHT BY SPHERICAL MIRRORS, SIGN OF CONVENTION, FOCAL LENGTH OF SPHERICAL MIRRORS and MIRROR EQUATION (NCERT 12TH PHYSICS) INTRODUCTION Nature has endowed the human eye (retina) with the sensitivity to detect electromagnetic waves within a small range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic …